PREVIOUSLY ASKED IN:
PSC Miscellaneous Prelims 2018
Answer
Article 19(1)(a)
Explanation
Under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution, citizens are guaranteed the 'Freedom of Speech and Expression'. The Supreme Court of India, through various landmark judgements, has interpreted that the 'Right to Know' or 'Right to Information' is implicitly embedded within this article. A citizen cannot effectively express their views or exercise free speech without being adequately informed. The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 derives its fundamental strength from this article.
Key Points
- > Fundamental Rights are covered in Part III of the Constitution.
- > Article 19 guarantees 6 fundamental freedoms to Indian citizens.
- > Article 19(1)(a) specifically deals with Freedom of Speech and Expression.
- > Freedom of the Press is also implicitly covered under Article 19(1)(a).
- > The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted in 2005.
- > Article 14 ensures Equality before the law.
- > Article 21 guarantees the Protection of Life and Personal Liberty.
Additional Information
Key Freedoms under Article 19
| Article | Nature of Freedom |
|---|---|
| 19(1)(a) | Speech and Expression (includes Right to Know) |
| 19(1)(b) | Assembly peacefully and without arms |
| 19(1)(c) | Form Associations or Unions |
| 19(1)(d) | Move freely throughout India |
| 19(1)(g) | Practice any profession, trade or business |
Memory Tips
- SAMRO Mnemonic: Speech, Assembly, Movement, Residence, Occupation. Right to Property (19-1-f) was removed.