Answer
Option 1: অ্যালান অক্টোভিয়ান হিউম
Detailed Solution
সঠিক উত্তর: অ্যালান অক্টোভিয়ান হিউম
Key Points:
- ভারতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্রেস 1885 সালে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল।
- এর প্রতিষ্ঠাতা ছিলেন অ্যালান অক্টাভিয়ান হিউম, যিনি একজন অবসরপ্রাপ্ত ব্রিটিশ সরকারি কর্মচারী ছিলেন।
- কংগ্রেসের প্রথম অধিবেশন 28 থেকে 31 ডিসেম্বর, 1885 তারিখে বোম্বেতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল, যেখানে উমেশচন্দ্র ব্যানার্জি প্রথম সভাপতি হিসেবে নির্বাচিত হন।
Additional Information:
- 1885 থেকে 1947 সাল পর্যন্ত জাতীয় কংগ্রেসের সভাপতিদের তালিকা নিম্নরূপ:
| Year | Location | President | Significant Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1885 | Bombay | Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee | First session attended by 72 delegates |
| 1886 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | Merger of National Congress and National Conference |
| 1887 | Madras | Syed Badruddin Tyabji | First Muslim President, appeal to Muslims to join national leaders |
| 1888 | Allahabad | George Yule | First European/ Englishman President (Scottish) |
| 1889 | Bombay | Sir William Wedderburn | – |
| 1890 | Calcutta | Pherozeshah Mehta | – |
| 1891 | Nagpur | P. Ananda Charlu | – |
| 1892 | Allahabad | Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee | – |
| 1893 | Lahore | Dadabhai Naoroji | – |
| 1894 | Madras | Alfred Webb | – |
| 1895 | Poona | Surendranath Banerjee | – |
| 1896 | Calcutta | Rahimtullah M. Sayani | ‘Vande Mataram‘ sung for the first time by Rabindranath Tagore |
| 1897 | Amraoti | C. Sankaran Nair | – |
| 1898 | Madras | Ananda Mohan Bose | – |
| 1899 | Lucknow | Romesh Chandra Dutt | Demand for permanent fixation of Land revenue |
| 1900 | Lahore | N. G. Chandavarkar | – |
| 1901 | Calcutta | Dinshaw E. Wacha | Mahatma Gandhi first appeared on Congress platform |
| 1902 | Ahmedabad | Surendranath Banerjee | – |
| 1903 | Madras | Lal Mohan Ghosh | – |
| 1904 | Bombay | Sir Henry Cotton | – |
| 1905 | Benares | Gopal Krishna Gokhale | Expressed resentment against the partition of Bengal. Proclamation of Swadeshi movement. |
| 1906 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | Resolutions on Swaraj, Boycott, Swadeshi, National Education |
| 1907 | Surat | Rash Bihari Ghosh | Congress split into moderates and extremists |
| 1908 | Madras | Rash Bihari Ghosh | – |
| 1909 | Lahore | Madan Mohan Malaviya | Indian Councils Act, 1909 |
| 1910 | Allahabad | Sir William Wedderburn | – |
| 1911 | Calcutta | Bishan Narayan Dhar | ‘Jana Gana Mana‘ sung for the first time (by Sarala Devi) |
| 1912 | Bankipore | Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar | – |
| 1913 | Karachi | Syed Mohammed | – |
| 1914 | Madras | Bhupendra Nath Basu | – |
| 1915 | Bombay | Sir S.P. Sinha | – |
| 1916 | Lucknow | Ambica Charan Mazumdar | Lucknow Pact with Muslim League |
| 1917 | Calcutta | Annie Besant | First woman President |
| 1918 | Delhi | Madan Mohan Malaviya | First at Delhi |
| 1919 | Amritsar | Motilal Nehru | Congress supported Khilafat Movement |
| 1920 | Calcutta (Special) | Lala Lajpat Ray | Non-cooperation resolution moved by Gandhi |
| 1920 | Nagpur | C. Vijayaraghavachariar | M.A Jinnah Left INC |
| 1922 | Gaya | C.R. Das | Swaraj Party formed by CR Das and others |
| 1924 | Belgaum | M.K. Gandhi | Only session presided over by Gandhi |
| 1925 | Kanpur | Sarojini Naidu | First Indian woman President |
| 1927 | Madras | M.A. Ansari | Resolutions against Simon Commission boycott, use of Indian troops abroad, defining Congress goal as complete independence |
| 1928 | Calcutta | Motilal Nehru | All India Youth Congress formed |
| 1929 | Lahore | Jawaharlal Nehru | Declared ‘Purna Swaraj’ as goal, 26 Jan as Independence Day |
| 1931 | Karachi | Vallabhbhai Patel | Resolutions on Fundamental Rights, National Economic Programme, Gandhi-Irwin Pact endorsed |
| 1934 | Bombay | Rajendra Prasad | Changes in Congress constitution |
| 1936 | Lucknow | Jawaharlal Nehru | Socialism adopted as goal |
| 1936 | Faizpur | Jawaharlal Nehru | First session in a village |
| 1938 | Haripura | Subhas Chandra Bose | National Planning Committee set up under Nehru |
| 1939 | Tripuri (a village of MP) | Rajendra Prasad | Bose re-elected but had to resign |
| 1940-1946 (Duration of World war 2) | – | Abul Kalam Azad | – |
| 1946-1947 | – | J.B. Kripalani | Led Congress at independence |