PREVIOUSLY ASKED IN:
WBPSC Miscellaneous Preliminary 2023
Answer
Robert Clive
Explanation
Lord Robert Clive introduced the 'Dual Government' system in Bengal in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar. Under this system, the administration was divided into two parts: 'Diwani' (right to collect revenue) went to the East India Company, and 'Nizamat' (administrative and judicial duties) remained with the Nawab. This separation of power and responsibility led to massive corruption and the disastrous Bengal Famine of 1770.
Key Points
- > Introducer: Robert Clive in 1765.
- > Triggered by the Treaty of Allahabad following the Battle of Buxar.
- > Company held Diwani (revenue) - Power without responsibility.
- > Nawab held Nizamat (administration) - Responsibility without power.
- > Resulted in the devastating Great Bengal Famine of 1770.
- > Warren Hastings abolished the Dual Government in 1772.
- > Lord Cornwallis is known for the Permanent Settlement.
Additional Information
- >## Key Policies of British India\n\n| Policy | Governor-General | Year |\n|---|---|---|\n| Dual Government | Robert Clive | 1765 |\n| Permanent Settlement | Lord Cornwallis | 1793 |\n| Subsidiary Alliance | Lord Wellesley | 1798 |\n| Doctrine of Lapse | Lord Dalhousie | 1848 |\n\n### Memory Tips\n- **Clever Clive**: Clive was clever
- > he took the money (revenue) and left the headaches (law and order) to the Nawab, creating a Dual system.