The Constitution of India is widely recognized as the longest written constitution in the world. If you are preparing for competitive exams, having a clear grasp of these key articles is absolutely vital. Below is a simplified breakdown of the various constitutional parts and their corresponding articles.
Table of Contents
Parts I and II
| Part | Subject | Articles |
|---|---|---|
| Part I | The Union and Its Territory | 1-3 |
| Part II | Citizenship | 5-11 |
Fundamental Rights (Part III)
Fundamental rights play a critical role in safeguarding the rights of every citizen. Here are the core articles at a glance:
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 12 | Definition of the State |
| 14 | Equality before the law |
| 15 | Prohibition of discrimination |
| 16 | Equality of opportunity in public employment |
| 17 | Abolition of untouchability |
| 18 | Abolition of titles |
| 19 | Freedom of speech and expression |
| 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty |
| 21A | Right to education |
| 32 | Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights |
Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV)
These principles act as a guiding force for the state in formulating policies and ensuring good governance.
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 36 | Definition |
| 40 | Organization of village panchayats |
| 44 | Uniform civil code |
| 45 | Early childhood care and education |
| 50 | Separation of judiciary from executive |
| 51 | Promotion of international peace |
Union and State Executive
The country’s administrative structure is split between the Union and the States, with specific articles governing each.
| Office/Body | Union Article | State Article |
|---|---|---|
| Head of State | 52 (President) | 153 (Governor) |
| Council of Ministers | 74 | 163 |
| Legislature | 79 (Parliament) | 168 |
| Money Bill | 110 | 199 |
| Budget | 112 | 202 |
| Ordinance | 123 | 213 |
| High Courts | 124 (Supreme Court) | 214 (High Court) |
Emergency and Amendment
Specific provisions are laid out for emergency scenarios and constitutional amendments.
| Subject | Article |
|---|---|
| National Emergency | 352 |
| Constitutional failure in States | 356 |
| Financial Emergency | 360 |
| Amendment of the Constitution | 368 |
To truly master these articles, try participating in our practice quiz section. It is the best way to evaluate your preparation.
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